An Innovative Internet-of-Things-Enabled HACCP-Based Real-Time Food Traceability System with Adaptive Threshold for Interoperability of Chains

Abstract

Nutrition is vital for survival. Individuals frequently consumed indigenous, seasonal produce. Warehouses are a significant location for food waste due to inadequate food management. Refrigerators have had a significant impact, resulting in substantial changes. Individuals can now store and consume food not typically available during certain seasons. The advent of Internet technology has resulted in the emergence of several traceability solutions in supply chain management. Most existing systems exhibit centralization, characterized by monopolistic control, information asymmetry, and a lack of transparency. These characteristics can give rise to trust issues such as fraud, corruption, tampering, and the fabrication of information. The collapse of a centralized system can be attributed to a single point of failure, which has the potential to dismantle the system completely. Blockchain technology has fundamentally transformed the landscape of decentralized information technology, introducing a fresh and innovative approach. This project aims to develop a real-time food supply chain traceability system using HACCP, Blockchain, and IoT. An issue commonly encountered in Blockchain management is maintaining diverse chains that include nodes with identical characteristics. The main problem lies in the seamless integration of chains with minimal loss of node Blocks. This study will focus on the consolidation of the chains based on an adjustable threshold. The proposed system aims to provide an information platform that promotes openness, transparency, impartiality, trusrthiness, and security among supply chain participants.