Exploring the Use of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) Sludge as an Eco-Friendly Substitute for Fine Aggregates to Develop Advanced Concrete Paver Blocks

Abstract

Concrete is among the most widely used materials in construction worldwide, yet its conventional manufacturing and the extraction of its raw ingredients lead to significant environmental concerns, including resource depletion and elevated greenhouse gas emissions. Disposal of industrial waste such as Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) sludge creates further ecological challenges due to its content of hazardous heavy metals and complex management requirements. This research investigates the potential of utilizing CETP sludge as a partial substitute for fine aggregates in M30 grade concrete to produce resilient, eco-friendly paver blocks. The study encompasses detailed chemical analysis, assessments of mechanical performance and durability, workability evaluation, and environmental safety checks through leaching tests. Additionally, it examines the economic advantages and explores prospects for sustainable industrial adoption in the future.