Comprehensive analysis of Heavy Metal Composition and Physico-Chemical Properties in Effluents from Sugar and Dairy Industries: Assessing Environmental Implications

Abstract

Aim: This research is dedicated to examining the physical and chemical properties of effluents from the sugar and dairy industries post-treatment, as well as their heavy metal composition, and how these factors affect the environment.

Methodology:Total six samplescollected and analyzed from the sugar mill and twelve samples from the dairy industry, all of which had undergone treatment. Standard methods (APHA and ICPOES) were employed to assess their physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal content.

Results:With the exception of a few heavy metals, all parameters met the irrigation water quality standards set by Indian regulations. The evaluation index for heavy metals in the dairy industry effluent indicated a higher heavy metal content compared to that in the sugar industry effluent.The heavy metal contents in the sugar and dairy industry discharge water were respectively: Ni: Nil and 0.524 mg/L, Pb: Nil and 1.29 mg/L, Zn: 0.459 and 1.66 mg/L, Fe: 0.463 and 1.36 mg/L, Mn: 3.93 and 8.17 mg/L.

Interpretation:The results from the analysis of treated effluents from the sugar and dairy industries suggest that if these effluents are discharged into the environment without proper treatment, they could potentially cause adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Consequently, this study strongly recommends the implementation of effective wastewater treatment methods, particularly for the removal of heavy metals.Considering that the volume of treated effluent generated by both industries is relatively low, there is an opportunity to utilize it by blending it with irrigation water for agricultural purposes. This practice not only helps in minimizing the environmental impact of contaminants but also serves as a sustainable approach to resource utilization.