Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Vascular Toxicity: A Review of Mediating Mechanisms and Exercise as a Potential Therapeutic

Abstract

Despite being extremely effective against tumour tissue, breast cancer chemotherapy has a considerable negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Cardiotoxicity has been the main focus of study in this field. Despite the vasculature's essential role in the cardiovascular system and the consequent harmful effects of injury and dysfunction, there is a dearth of research about the effects of such treatment on this structure. This review focuses on the effects of breast cancer chemotherapy on the vascular endothelium. We believe that endothelium malfunction and direct injury are the most plausible mechanisms of endothelial toxicity. These harmful effects have immediate repercussions since they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Exercise, however, may be able to lessen some of the vascular toxicity associated with chemotherapy; supporting data is presented Explained is the possible significance of exercise in preventing vascular toxicity, emphasizing the latest exercise therapies in human and animal models. Finally, the importance of exercise for endothelial health, function, repair, inflammation and hyperlipidaemia, angiogenesis, and vascular remodelling is covered in the mediating processes of exercise protection of endothelial health. These are all significant preventative strategies against toxicity caused by chemotherapy, and they are all covered in great length.