Comparing Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas for 5G Deployment at 28 Ghz

Abstract

This research paper elucidates the methodological framework and performance analysis of microstrip patch antennas tailored for 5G wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna configurations encompass a standalone rectangular patch antenna, a circular patch antenna, and an array of patch elements. Employing Rogers RT 5880 substrate material with a thickness of 0.254 mm and operating at a frequency of 28 GHz, these antennas are meticulously crafted. Simulation results, facilitated by the CST Studio Suite software, encompass key parameters such as S11, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency. Analysis of these results reveals that the individual circular antenna design resonates at 28 GHz with a return loss of -36.2 dB, exhibiting a bandwidth of 8.6 GHz, a gain of 3.61 dBi, and an efficiency of 92%. Conversely, the single rectangular antenna design operates at the same resonance frequency with a return loss of -56.6 dB, offering a bandwidth exceeding 9.6 GHz, a gain surpassing 9.6 dBi, and an efficiency of 91%. Further examination of array configurations reveals that the 2x1 circular antenna design resonates at 28 GHz with a return loss of -50.6 dB, presenting a bandwidth of 6.5 GHz, a gain of 7.06 dBi, and an efficiency of 93%. Conversely, the 2x1 rectangular antenna design spans a resonance frequency range from 24 GHz to 28 GHz, achieving a return loss between -32 dB to -54.5 dB, and a bandwidth surpassing 12.6 GHz. It attains a higher gain of 7.2 dBi with an efficiency exceeding 93%. Analysis of the 4x1 configurations unveils that the circular antenna design resonates at 28 GHz with a return loss of -35 dB, offering a bandwidth of 8 GHz, a gain of 9.05 dBi, and an efficiency of 95%. Conversely, the 4x1 rectangular antenna design operates within a resonance frequency range from 21.5 GHz to 27.9 GHz, exhibiting a return loss varying from -27 dB to -61 dB, and a bandwidth spanning from 2.1 GHz to 9.3 GHz. This configuration achieves a gain of 9.04 dBi with an efficiency surpassing 94%.