The Economic Impact of a Cancer Diagnosis on Patient and Family: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: A cancer diagnosis not only poses significant challenges to patients' physical and emotional well-being but also exerts a substantial financial burden on patients and their families. Understanding the economic impact of cancer is essential for informing healthcare policies and interventions aimed at mitigating financial hardships and improving overall patient outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to synthesize existing literature on the economic impact of cancer diagnoses on patients and their families. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published between January 2013 and December 2023. Studies reporting quantitative data on direct and indirect costs, financial hardships, employment changes, and coping strategies associated with cancer diagnoses were included.

 Results: 6 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The findings revealed that cancer diagnoses result in substantial financial burdens for patients and families, including out-of-pocket expenses for treatment, medication, transportation, and caregiving. Moreover, cancer-related employment changes, such as reduced work hours, job loss, and early retirement, further exacerbate financial hardships. Coping strategies adopted by patients and families to manage financial stressors vary widely and may include borrowing money, depleting savings, seeking financial assistance, or forgoing necessary medical care.

Conclusion: The economic impact of a cancer diagnosis extends beyond medical expenses to encompass various direct and indirect costs that can significantly affect patients' financial stability and overall quality of life. Efforts to alleviate the financial burden of cancer should include interventions targeting insurance coverage, employment support, and access to financial assistance programs. Moreover, raising awareness among healthcare providers about cancer patients' financial challenges is crucial for integrating financial counseling and support services into cancer care delivery models. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions in alleviating financial hardships and improving patient outcomes across different cancer types and socioeconomic contexts.