A Case of Pediatric Massive Recurrent Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Ende: Challenges of Diagnosis and Management in Limited Resource Settings

Abstract

Indonesia is the second largest contributor to the number of tuberculosis cases worldwide, accounting to 9.2% of global tuberculosis cases (312 per 100.000 population) with treatment coverage lower than 50%.^1,2 87.000 children in Indonesia were estimated to develop tuberculosis each year, making up 12% of the total number of cases.² Approximately 86% of newly pediatric tuberculosis cases were also found in the 30 high-burden countries, Indonesia included.³ Although the burden of disease is high in Indonesia, prevention strategies and treatment coverage in the country is still stated to be suboptimal, where only 65% of pediatric TB cases were notified and only 9.3% children were treated.^1,2