The Potential of Micro Algae Biodiesel as a Sustainable Alternative Fuel for C.I. Engines: A Review

Abstract

Biodiesel is an important substitute for conventional diesel fuel, as it is environmentally friendly as well as renewable, and can help reduce dependence on foreign oil while creating economic opportunities. This article presents an in-depth review of the impact of microalgae biodiesel on engine performance and emissions. Microalgae have emerged as a promising feedstock for producing biofuel due to their higher lipid content and fast growth rate. However, the selection of appropriate microalgae strains is crucial to ensure optimal biofuel production and minimize environmental impacts. This review critically evaluates the literature on microalgae biodiesel's effects on engine performance, including fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and engine power. The impact of microalgae biodiesel on exhaust emissions, which include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and unburned hydrocarbons, is also examined in this review. The findings indicate that microalgae biodiesel can enhance the performance of the CI engine by increasing its thermal efficiency and power output. The use of microalgae biodiesel also helps to reduce carbon emissions. However, the oxides of nitrogen are increasing due to the presence of excess oxygen and the brake-specific fuel consumption is high due to the low calorific value of the algae biodiesel. Furthermore, using additives can help rectify the above limitations and make the microalgae biodiesel a suitable replacement to the conventional Petro-diesel without any engine modifications.