Examining Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Effects in Fenestration Products: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review paper explains that fenestration products like windows, doors, glazed walls, and so on account for close to 40% of all energy used in buildings in India are the largest components of buildings' energy loss. It is essential to accurately evaluate the thermal performances of fenestration systems in order to improve product performance and predict the overall energy consumption of a building. Because 3-D analysis is a highly complex process that requires significantly more time, effort, and cost than 2-D analysis, it is typically used to evaluate their thermal performance. For each product, a different method of evaluation, such as a physical test in a hotbox, is not feasible due to their high cost. Fenestration products' effects on overall heat transfer must be investigated because heat transfer is a three-dimensional process. In contrast to the results obtained in two dimensions, this thesis examined 3-D heat transfer effects in fenestration systems. No huge work has been done already as far as three dimensional displaying of windows, which incorporated every one of the three types of intensity move for example conduction, convection and radiation.

For current framing and glazing systems, this review study demonstrated that the overall 3-D heat transfer effects are relatively small (less than 3%). 3-D effects were quite significant (10%) at the individual component level (such as sill, head, and Jamb), but when the overall fenestration system effect is calculated, they are cancelled by their opposite sign of variation. These three-dimensional heat transfer effects are more pronounced in products of smaller sizes and for glazing and framing systems that are less convective or use less energy. The spacer frameworks didn't muchly affect the three dimensional impacts on heat move. 3-D effects on heat transfer, which may necessitate the development of specialized 3-D fenestration heat transfer computer programs or the application of correlations to 2-D models, should be taken into account as the market shifts toward products with greater insulation and performance.