Livelihood Diversification and Agrobiodiversity Dynamics in Rural South India

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between livelihood diversification and agrobiodiversity at the household level in Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu, India. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected from 180 farm households using a structured interview schedule. Agrobiodiversity was measured using a composite Agrobiodiversity Index (ABI), while livelihood diversification and knowledge retention were assessed through Occupational Diversification Index (ODI) and Knowledge Retention Index (KRI), respectively. The results indicate that agrobiodiversity remains at a moderate level (mean ABI = 0.54), with a declining presence of traditional crop varieties. Occupational shifts show a clear association with reduced agrobiodiversity, as households with higher diversification exhibit lower ABI levels. Regression analysis confirms that ODI has a significant negative effect (β = −0.284, p < 0.01), while KRI positively influences agrobiodiversity (β = 0.356, p < 0.01). Farm size, labour availability, and income also contribute positively. The findings highlight that livelihood diversification, while enhancing income security, introduces trade-offs that may weaken ecological sustainability. The study emphasizes the need for policies that integrate livelihood strategies with the conservation of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge systems.