A Comparative Analysis of Socio-Economic Status and Livelihood Patterns of Eri and Muga Silk Rearers in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam

Abstract

ericulture is a traditional and important source of income in Assam, especially in the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR). The farming of Eri and Muga silk creates jobs for rural families. This paper compares the social and economic conditions and living patterns of Eri and Muga silk producers in the five districts of BTR: Kokrajhar, Chirang, Tamulpur, Baksa, and Udalguri. The study examines the demographic and economic characteristics of sericulture producers. It identifies the factors that affect their choice between Eri and Muga rearing. It also evaluates how these activities affect household incomes and women's empowerment. Multistage sampling is used to select households for structured interviews and data collection, along with field observations. Statistical tools like descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square analyses are employed to compare the socio-economic profiles, income patterns, production levels, and seasonal changes among Eri and Muga silk rearers. The study intends to find out that Eri silk rearing is more common because it needs a lower initial investment and a simpler rearing process. In contrast, Muga silk production generates higher economic returns and better market opportunities. Factors like land size, education, and access to extension services strongly affect the choice of silk variety and overall productivity. Female participation is important, especially in rearing and post-cocoon processing. This shows that sericulture is important for women's economic empowerment. The findings highlight the challenges and opportunities that Eri and Muga rearers face. They emphasize the need for focused actions such as skill development, improved market access, and policy support to make sericulture a more sustainable livelihood in BTR. This study helps us understand the social and economic aspects of sericulture. It also offers guidance for promoting sustainable rural development in Assam.