The Optimization of the Surveillance Capabilities of UAVs

Abstract

The article has reviewed the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles in emergency situations, border security, water resource assessment and mapping, as well as in archaeological and geological research. The discussion of typical problems encountered during surveillance using unmanned aerial vehicles and the categories classified according to the area of interest have been studied, analyzed, and summarized. Additionally, the limitations of existing approaches and potential solutions, the gaps in the proposed research directions, and the discussion of future application areas have been presented. It has been emphasized that there is a significant need for researchers to investigate issues such as increasing the autonomy, reliability, and efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle systems, as well as the artificial intelligence, big data analytical analysis, and integration of with other technologies. The methods and means for using unmanned aerial vehicles in carrying out surveillance tasks have been thoroughly studied and analyzed. It has been highlighted that unmanned aerial vehicles have been successfully used to ensure the operational efficiency of personnel in law enforcement agencies, security forces, agriculture, mining industry, mapping, and environmental monitoring activities, as well as to provide crucial reconnaissance and visual tracking data, and most importantly, to significantly reduce security risks. An investigation has been conducted on how unmanned aerial vehicles can overcome the limitations in large-scale disasters and complex scenarios, particularly in terms of flexible deployment in the field, efficient surveillance, and accurately positioning in hard-to-reach areas, starting with an overview of the main requirements for surveillance tasks. Additionally, the current problems faced by these technologies, as well as potential future development directions aimed at further increasing the role of unmanned aerial vehicles in the collection of surveillance and reconnaissance data, have been discussed. As technologies advance and the application areas of unmanned aerial vehicles expand, it has been highlighted that special attention must be given to legal, ethical, and privacy issues related to their use. It has also been emphasized that it is crucial to develop the use of unmanned aerial vehicle systems in defense and security activities carried out in complex conditions.